Sambhar Lake, located in Rajasthan, recently witnessed the unfortunate death of over 40 migratory birds, raising concerns about the ecosystem's health. Known for its ecological significance and cultural heritage, the lake plays a vital role in sustaining biodiversity.
About Sambhar Lake
Etymology: The lake’s name is derived from Shakambhari, the ancient deity of the Chauhan Rajputs, worshipped for over 2,500 years.
Geographical Importance: It is India’s largest inland saline lake, spanning across Jaipur, Nagaur, and Ajmer districts.
Ramsar Site: Recognized in 1990 under the Ramsar Convention for its international ecological importance as a wetland.
Biodiversity Hotspot: The lake attracts thousands of migratory birds, including flamingos, storks, and pelicans, migrating from northern Asia and Siberia during the winter months, especially between November and February.
Environmental Challenges
Sambhar Lake has been facing several environmental issues:
Bird Deaths: Recurring bird fatalities due to avian botulism, pollution, and changes in water salinity.
Salt Extraction Impact: Unregulated salt mining activities have disrupted the ecological balance.
Climate Change: Erratic rainfall and water shortage have altered the lake’s hydrological cycle.
Loss of Wetland Habitat: Urbanization and encroachments are shrinking the lake’s area, posing threats to migratory birds and other species.
Cultural and Economic Significance
Religious Relevance: Sambhar holds spiritual value due to the presence of the Shakambhari Temple near the lake.
Economic Contribution: The lake is also a major salt production hub, contributing to 10% of India’s salt output.
Way Forward
Strengthening Conservation Efforts: Regular monitoring and stricter implementation of wetland protection rules.
Ramsar Site Management Plan: Developing sustainable salt extraction practices.
Addressing Pollution and Avian Diseases: A coordinated approach to prevent bird deaths through disease control mechanisms.
Practice Question
Q. With reference to Sambhar Lake, which of the following statements is/are correct?
Sambhar Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in India.
The lake was designated a Ramsar Site in 1990.
It contributes over 50% of India’s total salt production.
Options:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect because Sambhar Lake is saline, not freshwater.
Statement 2 is correct as the lake was designated a Ramsar Site in 1990.
Statement 3 is incorrect as the lake contributes to 10% of India’s salt production, not 50%.
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