Recent scientific advancements suggest that Nano-formulations of Melatonin could be a breakthrough in treating Parkinson's Disease (PD). This discovery emphasizes melatonin’s potential as a therapeutic agent, particularly as an inducer of mitophagy, which identifies and removes dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby reducing oxidative stress linked to PD.
Understanding Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder primarily caused by the death of dopamine-secreting neurons in the brain.
Symptoms: Motor impairments such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, along with non-motor symptoms like sleep disturbances and cognitive decline.
Current Treatments: Existing therapies mainly focus on symptom management, highlighting the need for novel treatments addressing the root causes, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Role of Melatonin in PD Treatment
Melatonin, a natural neurohormone, emerges as a promising agent in PD management.
Mitophagy Induction:
Melatonin plays a crucial role in enhancing mitophagy, helping to clear damaged mitochondria.
This reduces oxidative stress, a significant factor in the progression of PD.
Nano-formulation Advantage:
Nano-formulations improve melatonin’s bioavailability, ensuring targeted delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
About Melatonin
Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain, in response to darkness.
Functions:
Regulates the sleep-wake cycle, an essential component of circadian rhythms.
Used in treating insomnia and other sleep disorders.
Circadian Rhythms:
Represent physical, mental, and behavioral changes following a 24-hour cycle.
Disruptions, such as exposure to light at night, can block melatonin production, leading to sleep disturbances.
Additional Insights for UPSC Aspirants
Therapeutic Uses:
Beyond sleep regulation, melatonin is being explored for its antioxidant properties, neuroprotective effects, and role in combating neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
Global Relevance:
Melatonin is part of broader research in personalized medicine, emphasizing its significance in addressing lifestyle and aging-related health issues.
Ethical and Regulatory Concerns:
Widespread use of melatonin supplements calls for regulations to ensure proper usage, especially in vulnerable populations.
Practice Question
Consider the following statements regarding Melatonin:
It is secreted by the pineal gland in response to light.
It regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is used to treat insomnia.
Nano-formulations of melatonin can aid in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
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