Astronomers have recently mapped the differential rotation of the Sun's chromosphere using over a century's worth of data from the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory in Tamil Nadu. This groundbreaking study provides new insights into how different parts of the Sun rotate at varying speeds depending on latitude.
What is Differential Rotation of the Sun?
The Sun’s differential rotation refers to the phenomenon where different regions of the Sun rotate at different speeds. Unlike solid planets, the Sun, being composed of gas and plasma, rotates at varying rates. The equatorial region of the Sun completes one full rotation in approximately 25 days, while the poles take around 35 days to do the same. This unique rotational pattern is crucial in understanding the solar cycle, the generation of sunspots, and even magnetic storms that can impact Earth.
Importance of Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory, located in Tamil Nadu, is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Celebrating its 125th anniversary, this observatory has been instrumental in providing continuous observations of the Sun. Its location—chosen for its proximity to the equator and high-altitude dust-free environment—makes it ideal for solar studies. Over the past century, the data collected here has contributed significantly to our understanding of the Sun’s behavior.
This long-term solar data set has now helped scientists map the Sun’s chromosphere and its differential rotation, further enhancing our knowledge of how solar phenomena like sunspots and solar flares influence space weather.
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