The Kuka Movement, an iconic rebellion against colonial rule, recently garnered attention as tributes were paid to its martyrs. This movement was a significant chapter in India’s struggle for independence, marked by its focus on self-reliance, civil disobedience, and spiritual awakening.
Understanding the Kuka Movement
Historical Context
Origin: The Kuka Movement emerged as the first large-scale reaction in Punjab against the British political order established post-1849.
Namdhari Foundation: It was a pivotal phase of the Namdhari Movement, founded in 1857 by Satguru Ram Singh at Bhaini Sahib.
Key Features
Boycott of British Goods and Services:
Satguru Ram Singh urged followers to reject all British goods and services as a form of resistance.
High-Pitched Recitation:
The Namdharis were nicknamed "Kukas" due to their loud recitation of Gurbani, called “Kook” in Punjabi.
Military Preparedness:
Young men were given military training to resist colonial oppression effectively.
Civil Disobedience:
The movement raised awareness about subjugation and encouraged peaceful disobedience to unjust laws.
Symbolic Resistance:
Followers wore hand-spun white attire, signifying self-reliance and defiance of British-imposed imports.
Significance of the Kuka Revolt
Early Anti-Colonial Struggle:
The Kuka Movement was one of the earliest organized efforts to challenge British rule in Punjab.
Spiritual and Social Awakening:
It emphasized moral values, simplicity, and spiritual growth alongside political resistance.
Promotion of Swadeshi:
Advocating indigenous goods and rejecting foreign products laid the groundwork for the later Swadeshi Movement.
Martyrdom:
The Kuka martyrs inspired future freedom fighters with their sacrifices.
Broader Context for UPSC
Connection to 1857:
Although the Namdhari Movement began in 1857, its organized military and social aspects paralleled the Revolt of 1857.
Religious and Social Reform:
The movement’s roots in Sikhism promoted equality and communal harmony.
Regional Resistance:
Highlighting Punjab’s unique role in India’s independence struggle is crucial for understanding regional contributions.
Practice Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Kuka Movement:
It was primarily a reform movement aimed at abolishing caste distinctions within Punjab.
Satguru Ram Singh led the movement and emphasized boycotting British goods.
The movement derived its name from the loud recitation of Gurbani by its followers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
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